All posts by Marc Klaas

I am President of the KlaasKids Foundation and BeyondMissing, Inc. Both organizations are 501(c)(3) public benefit non profit organizations.

The Devil and Lorna Lax: Little Girl Lost

Lorna LaxMy wife has strolled along the path at Corte Madera Creek in Kentfield, California almost every work day for the past 5-years. Occasionally, she will call to tell me that a deer has crossed her path, or that she is joining friends for lunch at one of the charming restaurants near her office. However, until recently she had no way of knowing that decades earlier, in the waning hours of November 14, 1959, twelve-year-old Lorna Jane Lax was savagely raped and murdered along this same creek bank. Violet would have felt far less secure had she known that Lorna’s killer, who lived in Marin County until his death in 2012, was never punished for the vicious, predatory crime that he confessed to having committed.

Lorna Lax was not expected to live when she was born at Children’s Hospital in San Francisco on March 27, 1947. Her mother Amy said, “She arrived in this world with not two, but four strikes against her. She was not able to feed, had a cleft palate, and a collapsed lung which required oxygen for the first four months of her life.” The cleft palate caused Lorna’s arms to be splinted so that she couldn’t put her tiny hands into her mouth. She couldn’t suck so she was fed through a tube in her nose. The staff told Amy not to visit too often. “It makes it hard on the nurses because she cries when you leave.”

EdselAfter six months her arms were liberated from the splints, she was discharged from the hospital and taken home to 636 Missouri Street in San Francisco. Over the course of the next several years John and Amy Lax focused on their daughter’s health and wellbeing. “We struggled to correct her inherent handicaps,” her mom said. “After four major operations and four years of speech therapy, Lorna could now speak almost as well as a normal eight-year-old.” In 1955, John and Amy wanted to give their tiny, eccentric child a chance at acceptance so they moved across the Golden Gate Bridge to the bucolic Marin County suburb of Kentfield.

Lorna was a 4’6″ tall, 65 pound red headed stick of a girl who attended church with her mother twice a week and earned numerous Girl Scout merit badges. She was popular in her neighborhood and liked to help her friends by staging little puppet shows or circuses. She charged the kids whatever they could afford and then bought them ice cream with the proceeds. She was an athletic girl who would rather swim than go to a movie and could occasionally be found sleeping under the stars on the neighbor’s deck.KrushchevLorna was also a troubled child with explosive, dark secrets that she held close, too close, until it was too late. Her cleft palate had not been totally corrected so she suffered from hypernasality, a speech impediment caused when air leaks from the nose during speech. This contributed to bullying that continued even after the family moved to Kentfield. The little girl who wanted nothing more than to fit in was deeply wounded by the sharp barbs of her tormenters. She regularly returned home from school sobbing and holding a grudge against the world.

When she was eleven Lorna started leaving home for extended periods of time. One time after a quarell with her mother she was found sleeping in a bus at Kentfield’s Greyhound Station. Another time Lorna was found wrapped in a neighbor’s discarded comforter, nestled in the trees along the bank of Corte Madera Creek. In September, 1959 the police were alerted when Lorna tried to check into a Sacramento motel where she and a girlfriend hoped to attend the State Fair.

In the spring of her twelfth year Lorna began to turn inward, keeping her own counsel and closing out her parents. John and Amy sought psychiatric counseling in hopes of understanding her dark moods and reconnecting with their daughter.

Last NoteOn Saturday morning November 14, 1959 Lorna left her mother a note. “Dear Mom, I’m mad at the world, so there is only one thing I know to do and that’s get away from these seroundings. So I’m leaveing. I’ll promise to be back Sunday morning. I’m going to the city. Your daughter, Lorna Lax.”

Lorna was a devout Catholic who had not missed church since she was six-years-old, so when she had not returned home by Sunday, November 15, her parents called the police. On Monday, November 16, her friends and family began posting missing flyers in and around Kentfield.

The little redhead’s ravaged and beaten body was discovered at 3:30 Monday afternoon when her thirteen-year-old friend Norman Fortner stopped to check out the fort Lorna hacked out of the wild blackberry bushes on the bank of Corte Madera Creek, about a block from her home.

She was wearing a blue pajama top, her legs were stuffed into a sleeping bag, and her body was held erect by a rope knotted around her neck and lashed to an overhanging fig tree branch. Her head had been bashed in and she had been stabbed in the abdomen six times. Her shoes and bobby sox were placed neatly side by side next to the sleeping bag. Make no mistake: it was a scene reminiscent of Jack the Ripper.

On Monday

The Devil and Lorna Lax: Forget Me Not

Polly’s Guide To A Safe Halloween

happyhalloween

With Halloween once again upon us, parents concerns about their chldren’s safety is paramount. In order to alleviate lingering fears we have created a pro-active list of child safety tips designed to ensure a safe and sane Trick-or-Treat experience for all.

  • Check Megan’s Law for sex offenders in your neighborhood and ensure that your children avoid their houses
  • Children under twelve-years-old should Trick-or-Treat with a group and take along a parent or a teen-aged brother or sister
  • Tuck a GPS enabled cell phone equipped withe the Track N Treat smart phone app into your child’s interior pocket so that you can track them in real time
  • Trick-or-Treat in neighborhoods that you know, that you trust and that are well lit. Avoid dark alleys, dark stairwells, or remote locations
  • Discuss your Halloween route with your parents and the time you will return
  • Wear make-up instead of a mask that can inhibit vision
  • Wear clothing that is light in color and not too long. Add something that glows in the dark or is reflective
  • Carry a glow stick or flashlight to to see and be seen by drivers
  • Walk on the sidewalk, cross the street at crosswalks, and stay away from cars
  • Stay outside the homes that you visit
  • Be sure all treats are wrapped and sealed. Eat them only after a parent checks them first
  • Trust your feelings! Avoid strange situations
  • If you do not feel safe Trick-or-Treating, don’t Trick-or-Treat
  • Have a fun and SAFE Halloween!

My Dinner With Lisa

MariposaLisa Dahl’s 23-year-old son, Justin Wesley Jones, was murdered when he tried to break up a robbery in San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district on March 27, 1994. Shortly after Justin’s killer was convicted of second-degree murder, Lisa packed up her belongings and left the Bay Area for Sedona, Arizona, where she opened a restaurant. Inspired by the red rock majesty around her and Justin’s indomitable spirit, Lisa now owns and operates Sedona’s award winning Dahl & DiLuca, Cucina Rustica, Pisa Lisa, and the newly opened Mariposa restaurants. She is the queen of Sedona.

Lisa 1 Last Friday night Violet and I had an opportunity to eat at the Latin inspired Mariposa restaurant and then visit with Lisa for several hours. We both opted for steak. My NY Strip was perfectly cooked over an open flame: charred on the outside; moist, succulent and pink on the inside. However, it was the mashed Potatoes with Canadian Cold Water Lobster Meat that totally spun the top off of my head. Similarly, Violet’s Chimichurri marinated Skirt Steak with Frijoles Negros and Yucca Fries was the bomb. Particularly the Yucca Fries. OMG! They were so crisp and salty on the outside, and so piping hot and creamy inside. All in all dinner was dreamy.

Lisa 2After dinner a long ranging conversation with Lisa and her long-term boyfriend Scott Yates covered familiar ground. We spoke of our fallen children, how they inform and inspire our lives, shared experiences, but most importantly the future. You see, many people who have lost children never experience the future. Their pain is so great, their loss weighs so heavily on their souls that they are unable to move forward with their lives. Instead, they are held in the grip of a past that they cannot change, that compounds depression, and refuses peace or relief.

2That is what is so remarkable about Lisa Dahl. I would never argue with the long held belief that Sedona a magical or even spiritual location. However, stepping into one of Lisa’s amazing restaurants takes spirituality to a whole new level. Justin’s altar, which exists in each of the restaurants reminds you of the gentle soul who lost his life while in the act of being a Good Samaritan.  His beautiful face and buoyant spirit is reflected off of the walls, the art, the ambiance, the staff, and the amazing food. It is a feeling so strong that it cannot be denied or overlooked.

1Like so many before her, Lisa refuses to be bowed by tragedy. Instead, like the namesake of Arizona’s capital, Lisa Dahl has been transformed from the ashes of catastrophe into a stronger, more focused and enlightened than she was before. Oh, and man, can that woman cook!

They Took Our Child: Leah Henry

One Third Of All Abductions Occur On School Routes
On May 1, 2001 at 3:45 p.m., 11-year-old Leah Henry stepped off the school bus about a block from her home in Houston, TX. Within moments she was lured into her kidnapper’s small, hatchback sedan. Leah’s parents called the police when they could not locate her by 8:30 p.m. Within two days the authorities had tied Leah’s disappearance to the recent kidnappings of two other little girls. Fortunately, those girls had been released after several days of captivity. However, the abductors behavior had become more violent with each victim.

On May 4, 260 miles away Sheriff’s Deputy David Billeiter responded to a tip about unusual activity at a shack near rural Kerrville, TX. Upon arriving, he blocked in the small hatchback. Deputy Dilleiter knew that he had his man when the driver exited the vehicle with gun in hand. When the perp opened the passenger door to pull Leah out, she instead scooted out the driver’s door. With his weapon pointed at the Deputy the kidnapper told Leah to, “Run to the cop”. The deputy secured Leah inside his vehicle and backed away from the scene. Moments later a single gunshot rang out. The kidnapper had committed suicide.

“He shot himself and it sucks for the victim,” Leah recently told me. “I knew that he wouldn’t be able to hurt any more children, but I was left with all that pain. Nobody knows, nobody can imagine.”

LeahHenryTherapy
“I hated therapy. I started going as soon as I got free, but I didn’t want to talk to anybody. I just wanted to close up. I felt like the therapist just smiled at me while I cried, so I stopped going. Instead I locked myself in the bathroom and did homework until my hour was up. I had to find my own therapy.”

“I struggled to find my voice, but in high school I finally connected with an art therapy teacher. She said that whenever I thought of him, whether it was an emotional or physical trigger, to write it down. For two years I collected those notes in a box. When I felt like I didn’t have any triggers left my two closest friends joined me for a little ceremony where I burnt the box. It symbolized my ability put being a victim behind me. It felt good, because I was a survivor and not a victim any longer.”

“About 2 ½ years ago I decided to move to Washington to start over, but I put off my trip because my best friend, my dog, was sick. When he finally passed it rocked my world. I lost weight and I wanted to give up. I needed change, so I put everything I owned in my car and took off. I drove 16-hours straight to Colorado where I stayed for a week hiking mountain trails with a friend’s dog. Then I drove another 16-hours to my destination. Moving to Washington State was the best choice I made in years, because the solitude was cathartic.”
10985431_1627965650751446_6313703640179960303_n“I still struggle and sometimes I can feel myself fall into victim mode, but that is not me. I am strong and I have a voice. There are certain places I visit, like a waterfall in the mountains, where I can forget everything bad. I bought another black lab and he goes everywhere with me. I no longer have to surround myself with people because I have finally learned to appreciate my own company. Washington has turned me into a boring old woman and I kind of like that.”

Perfect Timing
“The opportunity to do They Took Our Child came at the perfect time, because I was finally ready to tell my story, my way. When you contacted me about doing the show, I was very open to sharing my full story and felt it was an opportunity to also visit my mentor, teacher, and dear friend Art Letourneau. After agreeing to do the show, I texted him to tell him about my upcoming trip and was also hoping to see him while I was in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, he passed that very morning before he could read my text, but I know he would be very proud of me. Last week, I was sitting on the lake finishing the book ‘Hope’ by two of the survivors of Cleveland abduction. I closed the book to a rush of unsettling emotions. Moments later Katie from They Took Our Child called to tell me that my show would be airing a week later. Participating in this show has brought about a lot of powerful healing moments for me.”

“I now know that it is okay to have those feelings, and to share them so that I may help the next person who is afraid to speak out or face difficulties. In turn, it helps me to know that I can make that kind of difference. My story, along with every other survivors story, is powerful and worth being heard becauseiIt could save someone’s life.”

They Took Our Child: Midsi Sanchez

Midsi signedThe August 10, 2000 kidnapping of 8-year-old Midsi Sanchez was as typical as it was unique. Like 1/3 of all attempted child abductions in the United States, Midsi was taken by a dangerous predator while walking home from school. However, unlike most who went before her, Midsi utilized her own skills and street smarts to escape almost certain death.

“In the beginning, when I came home, everybody wanted to know what happened from A to Z, but I didn’t want to share my story for other people’s entertainment,” she told me recently. “That included kids at school and counselors. Pretty much everybody but my family.”

Because she refused to share her story Midsi did not receive psychological counseling and she became an object of ridicule and bullying at school and on the street. She responded to these abuses the same way that she responded to the kidnapper: defiantly fighting her tormentors almost daily for the next several years.

Her family, on the other hand, swept her ordeal under the rug. “They didn’t want to talk about it. Even now, when they interviewed for this show, it was very hard for them,” she said. “I was a hot mess. I was stuck, stagnant and in turmoil for all those years. I couldn’t move forward. I didn’t care about myself or anybody else. At one point I thought I was so gangster that I wanted to go to prison.”

“I got drunk at 12 and didn’t sober up until Sandra Cantu went missing in 2009. I knew that if I shared my story with her family it would give them hope because I got away successfully. So I did. Things started falling into place because I got to see what happens on the other side. For 10 days I felt connected and powerful, because I was part of something bigger than myself. I was connected to the community and God and Sandra. Her soul was with me. I felt her in me. We were similar in so many ways and I was sure that she would come home alive.”

Midsi and Marc“When Sandra was found dead I was devastated. I took it personally and started drinking again. Six months later I was almost killed in a DUI automobile accident. Then I found out that I was pregnant. I cried when the doctor said that I was having a girl. Life was so hard and I feared so for her safety, but you know what? Had I not gotten pregnant I probably would have stayed on the path to destruction, but now I needed to be strong and sober for my little girl. I needed Enelyse so much. She saved my life.”

“It helps to work with a good production crew because I have worked with other people who are not so nice. My experience on this show was amazing. I felt like they really cared about me and my family which is very important because my mom and sister were re-traumatized by getting in front of the camera to tell my story.”
Midsi They Took Our Child“Now I tell my story because there is a purpose, it is not about entertainment. I share my story because it is necessary for others to understand that survival is possible and that one can become positive in life because of it. I represent every victim and I am the voice for every missing child because I have been there and I have done that. Marc, each time we put ourselves in these positions to help families, I get stronger and it gets easier and I truly think that we grow by helping others.”

They Took Our Child: We Got Her Back

In January 2015, I began informally consulting on a projected “True Crime” television series called They Took Our Child: We Got Her Back. It premieres this Wednesday, October 7, 2015 at 10:00 PM on the Lifetime Movie Network.

The one element that totally differentiates this program from all other True Crime television is that it is guaranteed to have a happy ending. Watch as victim after victim recounts their ordeal and the circumstances that enable them to escape almost certain death.

They Took Our Child: We Got Her Back tells the stories of abducted children who escaped from the hands of their kidnappers; and the families who never gave up hope on getting them home safely. Each episode features a single story, told by the formerly kidnapped child and the family members and investigators who tirelessly searched for them, according to the network. Viewers will hear about the parents’ frantic and relentless search for their child, and how they worked with law enforcement to bring them home.

The premiere episode of They Took Our Child: We Got Her Back recounts the story of kidnap survivor and KlaasKids volunteer Midsi Sanchez. Please check back to read my blog on Midsi, where we discuss the crime, life after victimization, and her experinece on this very cool new television series.

Jared Fogle & AJ Gonzales: Not the Usual Suspects

Where Jared Hid His Victims

Where Jared Hid His Victims

Former Subway spokesman Jared Fogle is headed to prison for having sex with at least one child, receiving and distributing child pornography. Like 15-year-old A.J. Gonzales, the 15-year-old boy who allegedly killed little Maddy Middleton in Santa Cruz, #BadJared is not one of the usual suspects. How then, do we protect our kids when their abusers or killers do not conform to stereotypes?

Since at least 2007 #BadJared has been using his wealth, position and subterfuge to victimize and exploit America’s children. He was aware of and possessed, photos and video created and supplied by Russ Taylor, the disgraced Executive Director of Fogle’s children’s charity. Instead of notifying the police he possessed and distributed the kiddy porn. He has also pled guilty to paying at least two underage girls for sex. In all, there are 14-known victims named in the indictment against #BadJared.

In Santa Cruz, CA 8-year-old Maddy Middleton was missing for more than a day when her lifeless body was discovered in a dumpster at her apartment complex and her teenaged neighbor was arrested for her kidnapping, raping and murdering her. By outward appearance the neighbor boy was a non-threatening presence at the apartment complex who was well liked by the younger children.

Alleged Teen Rapist/Killer AJ Gonzales

Alleged Teen Rapist/Killer AJ Gonzales

Neither perp is a dirty old man in a trench coat. Neither was a registered sex offender, and both were seeming well liked within their community. In other words neither were waving red flags. How then do we protect our kids from predators that lurk below the radar?

First, I think it is important that children understand that they don’t have to automatically submit to the requests of every adult put in front of them. They shouldn’t have to kiss Aunt Sally, stay around for extra Soccer practice with Coach Larry, or prepare the sacrament with Father John. They should be taught to be respectful but skeptical of the adults that they come into contact with. They should trust their feelings if something doesn’t feel right, and feel comfortable declining invitations. Remember, it is a well-known fact that individuals who have sexual designs on children will find ways in their professions and volunteer activities to gain unsupervised access to your kids.

Parents should have ongoing safety conversations with their children. Look upon it a learning opportunity that will help them grow up into healthy, productive citizens. They should always check with their parents first. They should always be with at least one other trusted person. They should trust their feelings and be willing to put distance between themselves and the cause of their unease. I also think that it is a good idea to give your children cell phones. This gives them 24/7 direct access to you as well as enable you to track their movements through the cell phone’s GPS capability. Well…at least track the device.

Both of these goons are going to do hard time for their crimes. But will it be enough? Maddy has no life therefore no prospects, yet her killer will linger (at state expense) for decades. Who would be willing to calculate the damage done to #BadJared’s 14-victims? Fortunately, The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2003 established a federal, civil right of action for trafficking victims to sue their traffickers. Let’s hope that his victims litigate him into bankruptcy. Then, when he emerges from prison in a few years, his bank account will match his morality and his victims just may have a chance to put their lives back together.

Madyson Middleton and Cecil the Lion

Maddy Maddy

Two stories of murder and mayhem gripped our collective consciousness this week. On Sunday we heard the first ominous reports of a missing 8-year-old girl in Santa Cruz, CA, and on Monday it was revealed that an American dentist had stalked and killed Zimbabwe’s famed Cecil the Lion. Within days revelations about the death of the child spread a veil of sadness over the San Francisco Bay Area. As the truth emerged surrounding the death of the lion an explosion of anger and hatred gripped the entire nation, if not the world. My question is why would the death of an animal, any animal, trigger a collective emotional reaction that dwarfs that of the rape and murder of a little girl?

Maddie Middleton was a sweet little girl who was minding her own business, playing in her yard, and enjoying a warm summer afternoon when 15-year-old neighbor AJ Gonzales lured her into his apartment with the promise of ice cream. Once inside Gonzales attacked, bound, raped, beat and strangled the little girl to death before dumping her remains in a recycle bin like a piece of trash. While this outcome shocked everyone from the boy’s mother to the casual television observer, the visceral reaction barely registered when compared to the outrage over the death of Cecil the Lion.

Maddy CecilMinnesota dentist Dr. Walter J. Palmer traveled to Zimbabwe to hunt and kill a lion with a bow and arrow. He paid $55,000.00 to secure proper permits, hired professional trackers and guides to ensure that his hunting expedition would be legal and successful. Cecil the Lion was wounded with an arrow, stalked for 40-hours, killed, skinned, and beheaded. Dr. Palmer’s claim that he was unaware that the lion was lured from a protected national park are speculative at best.

Maddy PalmerProtests have sprung up in front of Dr. Palmer’s home and office calling for his extradition to Zimbabwe and prosecution over the death of Cecil the Lion. Countless hours have been invested on various Cable News outlets about Dr. Palmer’s lack of empathy, calculating ambitions, and cold soul. Countless death threats and the scorn of a nation have driven him underground.

UntitledIronies cascade upon each other. The very same people who are demanding that Dr. Palmer be extradited to Zimbabwe either ignore or are unaware that Robert Mugabe, who has ruled Zimbabwe with an iron fist since 1980, is one of the most egregious human rights violators on the face of the earth. Between 1982 and 1985 alone he was responsible for the ethnic cleansing of 20,000 of his own countrymen who were then buried in mass graves. Where are the protests against Robert Mugabe?

Of course, the larger and more alarming irony is that the outrage over the death of an animal is so much more amplified and visceral than the outrage over the murder of a little girl. I am not defending Dr. Palmer. I think that what he did is despicable and he should be ashamed of himself. However, the killing of Cecil the Lion is not comparable to the murder of Maddy Middleton. I understand that certain people are more invested in animals than they are in children. Without conservationists, zoo keepers, and others who work to protect animals our world would be far less satisfying. But never forget, Cecil was the king of the jungle and challenges to that authority can emerge from anywhere. Maddy was a defenseless child with hopes, dreams, and aspirations. She cannot protect herself, so it was our responsibility to protect her. This is not apples and oranges. This is about priorities, and sometimes I fear that our priorities need a serious adjustment.

2015 Amber Alert Update

Amber-Alert-Logo-on-Crime-Background-jpg--1-The KlaasKids Foundation has just completed a comparative analysis of 52 State and Regional Amber Alert plans. We provide a link to the official site, the jurisdictional law enforcement agency, the Amber Alert contact, activation criteria, activation plan, and scope of the Amber Alert. While there are numerous similarities between the plans, there are many differences as well. If you wish to know how your state stacks up against the rest simply click here to find out.

All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have AMBER Alert plans. The AMBER Alert system has also been adopted in the Canadian provinces and continues to expand into the Mexican Border States.

According to the most recent statistics, since 1996, 734 children have successfully been recovered through the issuance of Amber Alerts. Of course many of these children were victims of parental abduction. That occurs when a non-custodial parent takes his or her child(ren) without permission and does not return them to the custodial parent.

Unfortunately, few of the cases that truly require an Amber Alert ever receive one because the cases do not fulfill all of the required criteria. For instance the kidnappings of Polly, Elizabeth Smart, Danielle VanDam, Amber DuBois and Adam Walsh would not have qualified for Amber Alerts in most states because they were either not taken in front of witnesses, the abductor was unknown, or the make and model of the getaway vehicle was not known.

The criteria required for Amber Alert activation was created by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, as was the decision to use the Emergency Alert System as the primary technology for delivery and distribution.

Amber HagermanThe Amber Alert was created in response to the kidnapping and murder of 9-year-old Amber Hagerman, who was kidnapped while riding her bike near her home in Arlington, Texas on January 13, 1996.

My Second Day In Court

Jesus said, “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her (John 8:7)”

Polly PinThey are like a demonic Penn & Teller. The perp, John Sparrow, sits silently, intently watching his lawyer, occasionally the jury, but mostly Jane Doe One, while his attorney, Steve Gallenson, brews black magic. He is able to psychologically torture and emotionally twist the young victim on the witness stand for hours under the guise of a quest for justice, and apparently there is nothing that can be done to stop it.

I wonder if these aggressive tactics serve his client. The jury has to notice the smug look on their faces as the young witness struggles to maintain her composure. What does he expect to find at the end of this brutal line of questioning? A tortured soul laid bare, with no recourse but to be harshly judged for having been victimized by sexual predator?

I question how and why the defense can lay a victim’s deepest and darkest secrets at the feet of the jury without consideration of the consequences, when that same jury is not allowed to know that the defendant has already been convicted of these crimes once before.

Finally, the torturous line of questioning ends. She spent a day on the stand justifying her own existence, having her past exposed like an onion, layer by layer. She was brave on the stand: her voice didn’t waver and her gaze didn’t drop. However, after she was excused and when she was finally out of eyesight of the jury she broke down in cascading waves of despair. She was so sad, seemingly broken.

I met Jane Doe One and Two before they testified. Independently, I gave them each a Polly Pin, like the one I wear on my lapel. I told them a little bit about her story, because neither of them were alive yet when Polly was murdered. I told them that as her worst fears were being realized: as the kidnapper was stealing her into the night, her last words were, “Please don’t hurt my mother and sister.” I told them that if Polly could find the courage to put others ahead of herself as she realized her worst fears, then they could find the strength to stand up to the defense attorney’s psychological Blitz Krieg. Jane Doe Two wore Polly’s pin on the stand, above her heart. Jane Doe One kept it clutched in her hand as she answered every question put to her with courage and strength. I like to think that over the course of the last two days Polly’s spirit helped them to navigate the murky waters of America’s criminal justice system.